# Row reduction to echelon form in ℤ/pℤ: Rref

### 5.35.7 Row reduction to echelon form in ℤ/pℤ: Rref

In Xcas mode, Rref is simply the inert form of rref; namely, it returns rref without evaluating it. (See section Section 5.56.3.) In Maple mode, the Rref command can additionally be used in conjunction with mod to find the reduced row echelon form of a matrix whose elements are in ℤ/pℤ.

- (In Maple mode.)
  Rref takes one argument:
  A, a matrix with elements in ℤ/pℤ.
- Rref(A) returns the reduced row echelon form of A.

#### Example.

Solve in ℤ/13ℤ:

⎧
⎨
⎩

x + 2 · y | = | 9
3 · x +10 · y | = | 0

Input (in Xcas mode):

Rref([[1,2,9] mod 13,[3,10,0] mod 13])

Output:

rref

⎛
⎜
⎜
⎜
⎝

⎡
⎢
⎢
⎢
⎣

1%13

2%13

⎛ ⎝ | −4 | ⎞ ⎠ | %13

3%13

⎛ ⎝ | −3 | ⎞ ⎠ | %13

0%13

⎤
⎥
⎥
⎥
⎦

⎞
⎟
⎟
⎟
⎠

To actually get the reduced echelon form, you can enter:
Input:

eval(ans())

Output:

⎡
⎢
⎣

1%13 | 0%13 | 3%13
0%13 | 1%13 | 3%13

⎤
⎥
⎦

and conclude that x=3%13 and y=3%13.
Input (in Maple mode):

Rref([[1,2,9],[3,10,0]] mod 13)

Output:

⎡
⎢
⎣

1 | 0 | 3
0 | 1 | 3

⎤
⎥
⎦

and again conclude that x=3%13 and y=3%13.